Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) Algorithm and Case Study

Overview

The Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) algorithm is a widely used method of generating a unique password, which changes at fixed time intervals. It's an extension of the HMAC-based One-Time Password (HOTP) algorithm but, unlike HOTP, which is based on counter values, TOTP passwords change as time passes.

How It Works

1. Shared Secret Key: A unique secret key is shared between the server and the user's device.
2. Time-Step Value: A time-step value, typically 30 or 60 seconds, defines how long each password is valid.
3. Current Time: The current time is combined with the shared secret key.
4. HMAC Calculation: An HMAC (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code) is calculated using the key and the current time.
5. Truncation: The HMAC result is then truncated to create a shorter string of digits – typically a 6 to 8 digit password.

Existing Solutions

1. Google authenticator app.
2. Authy app.
3. Microsoft.
4. 2fAS.
5. And OTP.
6. IBM kit

Use Cases

• Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): TOTP is commonly used in 2FA setups, where a user needs both their password and a TOTP to log in.
• Financial Transactions: Banking and financial services use TOTP to secure transactions and account access.
• Remote Access: VPNs and other remote access services often use TOTP to secure user logins.
• Cloud Services: Cloud storage and SaaS providers integrate TOTP to enhance account security.
• Enterprise Security: Corporations use TOTP to protect sensitive data and internal systems
• .

Challenges and Considerations

• Time Synchronisation: Since TOTP relies on time, it's crucial that the user's device and the server are accurately synchronised.
• Physical Security of the Device: If the user’s device is lost or compromised, the TOTP can be accessed by unauthorised individuals.
• Backup and Recovery: In case a user loses access to their TOTP generator (like a smartphone), backup methods or recovery options should be available.

1. Requirement Analysis:

Objective:

• Develop a secure authentication system using a Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) algorithm, integrated within a mobile app for Golden Eagle IT Technologies.

Scope:

• Implementing a TOTP solution adhering to RFC 6238 standards.
• Development of a user-friendly mobile application for both iOS and Android platforms.

Target Audience:

• Golden Eagle's client base, which includes small to large enterprises.
• Internal users for administrative and security purposes.

2. Technology Selection:

TOTP Algorithm:

• Use of RFC 6238 protocol for TOTP, ensuring compatibility with widely accepted standards.
• Consideration of cryptographic libraries like OpenSSL or Python's PyCrypto for implementation.

Mobile App Development:

• Cross-platform development using React Native or Flutter.
• User interface designed for ease of use and accessibility.

Backend Development:

• Python with Django or Flask frameworks, or Ruby on Rails for robust server-side operations.
• Integration of RESTful APIs for communication between the app and the backend.

3. Team Composition:

Roles and Responsibilities:

• Project Manager: To oversee the project timeline, budget, and coordination.
• Developers: Specialized in Python, React and Flutter, and cryptographic protocols.
• UI/UX Designers: Focused on creating an intuitive and user-friendly interface.
• QA Engineers: Responsible for comprehensive testing, including security and functionality.

4. Development Phases:

Phase 1 - Design and Backend Setup:

• Development of the TOTP algorithm following industry standards.
• Creation of a secure and scalable backend architecture.

Phase 2 - Mobile App Development:

• Design and development of the mobile application with a focus on user experience.
• Integration of the TOTP algorithm into the app.

Phase 3 - Security Implementation:

• Ensuring secure communication channels between the app and server.
• Implementation of additional security layers like SSL/TLS encryption.

5. Security Considerations:

Key Focus Areas:

• End-to-end encryption for data transmission.
• Regular security updates and patch management.
• Comprehensive security testing, including penetration tests and vulnerability assessments.

6. Testing and Deployment:

Testing Strategy:

• Alpha testing by the internal team for initial bug identification.
• Beta testing by a closed group of external users for real-world feedback.
• Continuous integration and delivery pipelines for efficient deployment.

Deployment:

• Launch on iOS App and Google Play at amazon store for internal users of org.
• Ongoing monitoring and support for immediate resolution of any operational issues.

7. Cost and Timeline:

Budget Estimation:

• Base cost estimation around $8,000 for mobile app development, as per Golden Eagle’s standards.
• Additional budget allocation for specialised security features and extensive testing.
• Additional budget for yearly maintenance.

Project Timeline:

• Estimated completion within 3 months, considering the agile development methodology.

8. Client Feedback and Iteration:

Feedback Collection:

• Utilise surveys and direct feedback channels for user opinions.
• Regular review meetings to discuss feedback and performance.

Iterative Development:

• Implementation of feedback into successive iterations.
• Continuous improvement approach to keep the app and security features up to date.

9. Outcome and Impact:

Achievements:

• Robust and secure authentication mechanism for client org platforms.
• Improved user experience and trust through enhanced security measures.

Client and User Benefits:

• Higher security standards for clients' data.
• Smooth and efficient user authentication process.

10. Future Scope:

Potential Enhancements:

• Expansion of TOTP use across different applications and services within the client ecosystem and easy to identify backup code if lost as initial configuration.
• Ongoing research into advanced security protocols and technologies.